Geological Survey of India (GSI) Established in 1851, started its voyage to investigate for and assess coal and other mineral resources of the country with regional level exploration. In the 160 years since its foundation, GSI has continued to grow and diversify into various geoscientific activities, and delivered impeccable contribution in the arena of geosciences. After independence, GSI’s activities in mineral exploration as well as baseline surveys have increased manifold in order to sustain the momentum of national economic development and to meet the increasing demands of various stakeholders. Over the years, it has not only developed into a huge repository of precious geoscientific data applied in various developmental sectors in the country, but has also attained the status of a geo-scientific organisation of international repute. The principal function of GSI relate to creation and updation of national geoscientific data and mineral resource assessment, air-borne and marine surveys and conducting multifarious geo-technical, geo-environmental and natural hazards studies, glaciology, seismotectonics, etc. and to nurture studies on fundamental research. In all the developmental facets of the country including coal, steel, cement, metals/ minerals and power industries, GSI made neat contribution and remained relevant in the national context. Outcome of work of GSI has immense societal value as well as relevant to global perspective adopting state-of-the-art technologies and using methodologies, which are cutting-edge. Functioning and annual programmes of GSI assumes significance in the national perspective since it is directly related to delivering the public good. With its headquarters at Kolkata, GSI has six Regional offices at Lucknow, Jaipur, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Shillong and Kolkata and offices in almost all States of the country. The Geological Survey of India is an attached office to the Ministry of Mines. The Union Cabinet constituted a High Powered Committee (HPC) to thoroughly review the functioning of Geological Survey of India and assess its capacity to meet the emerging challenges taking into account the technological and manpower resources of the organization. The report of the Committee was submitted in March 2009 and approved by the Union Cabinet in October 2011. The revised organizational structure as proposed by HPC has largely been implemented.